Surgery- a branch of medicine dealing with manual and operative procedures for correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries, diagnosis and cure of diseases, relief of suffering and prolongation of life.

A patient has several surgery options depending on the surgical diagnosis:
Urgent or emergency surgery-
This type of surgery is done in an urgent medical condition.
Operations that require immediate admission to hospital.
An example of acute appendicitis. Haemorrhage, major trauma.
Required surgery-
Like emergency surgery, required surgery does not necessarily have to be done immediately, but needs to be done to ensure quality of life in the future. An example would be having kidney stones or gall stones removed if other forms medication and treatments are not responding.
Optional or elective surgery-
This  type of surgery is not essencial, this procedure choosen by patient may not necessarily be essential to continue a good quality of life. This term is used for operations that are planned in advance.
An example would be to have an unsightly mole or wart removed.

Types of surgery-
1.Day surgery
Now-a-days growing number of conditions needing operation can be treated by day surgery, at the day surgery unit of a hospital. The patient has the operation and goes home on the same day. This type of surgery goes smoothly for the patient and relatives.
2.Keyhole surgery
In Keyhole surgery the surgeon can see the area to be operated on by looking through a fine tube with a light on the end (known as a fibre optic light source) and carries out the operation by using special instruments inserted through the tube. The operations are carried out under anaesthetic.Removal of gall bladder or gallstones and some operations on the prostate gland or on joints may be suitable for keyhole surgery.
3.Laparoscopic surgery
This is similar to keyhole surgery but refers especially to operations performed inside the abdomen and in the peritoneum (the lining of the abdomen).
4.Organ Transplant Surgery
Transplant surgery is sometimes offered to patients with kidney, liver or serious heart failure. In case of kidney failure, it is sometimes possible to replace it with a healthy one donated by another human being. In the case of a kidney the donor may be a relative or someone who has recently died and had completed an organ donor card requesting that their body be used to help others. Surgeons who carry out this type of surgery require special training in immunology to help prevent the body from rejecting the organ.
5.Microsurgery
In this surgery delicate and extremely small instruments are used. Surgeons use a powerful magnifying device to enable them to operate on tiny structures such as small arteries, nerves, the bones of the middle ear or inside the eye.

Branches of Surgery are as follows
 1. Cardiothoracic surgery   2. Dermatologic surgery 
 3. General surgery            4. Gynecological surgery 
 5. Neurosurgery               6. Ophthalmic surgery       
 7. Organ Transplantation   8. Orthopedic surgery 
 9. Otolaryngology (ENT)   10. Pediatric surgery 
11. Plastic surgery           12. Surgical oncology 
13. Trauma surgery          14. Urology 
15. Vascular surgery         16. Oral and maxillofacial surgery