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1. |
Tennis Elbow-This is a condition characterized by pain
& tenderness at the lateral epicondyle of the humorous due
to non-specific inflammation at the origin of the extensor
muscles of the forearm. Although it is sometimes seen in
tennis players, other activities such as squeezing
clothes, carrying suitcase etc. are frequently responsible |
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2. |
Rickets & Osteomalacia-Rickets & Osteomalacia are the
diseases where the organic matrix of the bone fails to
calcify properly, leaving large osteoid seams. There is
only difference that Rickets occurs in the growing bones
of children Osteomalacia I the bones of adults. Both
conditions are primarily due to a deficiency of vitamin D
or a disturbance in its metabolism secondary to renal
diseases |
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3. |
Arthritis- It is an inflammation of a joint It is
characterized by pain, swelling & limitation of joint
movement The cause may be purely a local pathology such as
pyogenic arthritis or a more generalized illness such as
rheumatoid arthritis. |
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4. |
Cervical spondylosis-This is a degenerative condition
of the cervical spine found almost universally in persons
over 50 years of age It occurs early in persons pursuing
‘white collar jobs’ or those susceptible to neck strain
because of keeping the neck constantly in one position
while reading, writing etc. |
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5. |
Lumbar spondylosis- This is a degenerative disorder of
the lumber spine characterized clinically by o insidious
onset of pain & stiffness & radiologically by osteophyte
formation.
Cause- Bad posture & chronic back strain is the commonest
cause, other causes being previous injury to the spine,
previous diseases of the spine, birth defects & old
intervertebral disc prolapse.
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6. |
Plantar Fascitis-This is common cause of pain in the
heel. It occurs as a result of inflammation of the plantar
aponeurosis at its attachment in the tuberosity of the
calcaneum. The pain is worst early in the morning & often
improves with activity The use of a heel-pad & local
induction of steroids brings relief in most cases.
Other causes of heel pain are:
-Diseases of calcaneum
-Planter fascitis
-Fat pad inflammation
-Achillis tendonitis
-Retro-calcaneal bursitis
-Diseases of subtalar joint |
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7. |
Bursitis-Inflammation may occur in a normally situated
bursa or in an adventitious bursa. It may arise from
mechanical irritation or from bacterial infection.
Accordingly there are two types of bursitis
1 Irritative bursitis- This is the commoner of the two
types It is caused by excessive pressure or friction
occasionally due to a gouty deposit
2 Infective bursitis- Uncommonly a bursa may get infected
by a pyogenic or tubercular infection |
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8. |
Osteoporosis- It is by far the commonest metabolic
bone disease. It is characterized by a diffuse reduction
in the bone density due to a decrease in the bone mass. It
occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate
of bone information.
Causes-Several aetiological factors may be operative in a
given patient. The commonest factor in males is senility:
in females it is the menopause. |
