Dentistry-the science dealing with the teeth and their care.
Tooth decay, oral cancer, gum problems and pain with 3^rd molar are common problems seen in routine dental examination.

Tooth Decay- If notice at 1^st visit and treated as early as possible is good for the patient. If left untreated or neglected by the patient, then it goes in deep and caused destruction of tooth structure further leading to severe pain and dental abscess.
In simple decay of tooth- It can be filled by silver filling, another alterative is the tooth color material which has a cosmetic effect.
In case of pain with the tooth & abscess- It can’t be simply filled, but has to go for root canal treatment or removal of the tooth.

Root canal treatment (RCT) - The RCT has many advantages like-the tooth is saved.
RCT has advantages over removal of tooth (extraction)
-There are 4-5 visits
-In 1^st visit the tooth is opened.
-In 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, visit- cleaning & debridgement of the canals’
-In 5^th visit- shaping & filling the canal with the insert material like     
 Gutta Percha.
This treatment saves the tooth & at the same time it maintains the integrity of other oral structures. Later the root canal treated tooth has to go for capping (crowning), so as to make the tooth stronger.

Removal of tooth-It is always not possible for the patient to undergo RCT because of expense, convenience, patience & time. In such cases the tooth is removed. Once the tooth is removed the neighboring teeth (back & front) at the same time (upper & lower) teeth start moving into the gap/space created by extraction (Removal of tooth).

Replacement of teeth- As seen above extraction causes so much destruction to other oral structures. It is very necessary to replace the lost tooth. The lost tooth can be replaced either by the removable appliance or fixed appliance.
The removable appliance- can be removed & put by the patient itself. It is less expensive.
The fixed appliance- is time consuming procedure fixed permantally in patient’s mouth. This appliance is expensive.

Gum Problems- Gum problem is also routinely seen in dental practice. Patient with complaints of Bad odour/foul smell, swollen gums, bad taste in mouth, sticky saliva, bleeding gums & last but not the least tartar. Improper brushing, malposition of teeth, caries/decay leads to accumulation of food debris on tooth surface.
Day by day the deposition increases, this becomes hard which is called Tartar/calculus. Initially the gum margins become red, as the days passes the margins becomes red and swollen & at the same time foul smell/ bad breath. The gums recessed down the original level. If left untreated the alveolar bone supporting the tooth is lost & the teeth show slightly mobility. The movement increases further & the patient has to sacrifice (loose) the teeth, so as sooner the patient gets treatment, it is better for the patient. The tartar is mechanically removed. The patient is advised to follow proper brushing, to use brush & paste & rinse often having anything.